Types of Root:-
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Roots are of three types:
1.Tap root
2.Fibrous root
3.Adventitious root
Tap root system:
The primary root is large, central, and dominant root in taproot system. From the primary root other roots sprout laterally. This root system is generally tapering in shape and grows directly downward. It is common in dicot plants. Fibrous root: It consists of thin, moderately branching roots growing from the base of the stem. The primary root is not prominent and is replaced by a large number of roots. The fibrous root systems appears as a thick tuft of roots forming a mat-like structure at maturity. It is universal in monocotyledonous plants and ferns.
Adventitious roots:
a root that arises from any point on the plant other than the radicle or the root axis. For example, prop roots of banyan, corn, aerial roots of Monstera, etc. These roots are mainly involved in absorption of water and minerals from the soil, providing additional anchorage to the plant parts, storage of reserve food material and synthesis of plant growth hormones.
Regions of the Root
Root cap:
Protective covering of the root apex. It protects the tender root tip as it makes its way through the soil.
Region of meristematic activity:
Present a few millimetres above the root cap. It consists of small thin-walled cells with dense protoplasm. They divide repeatedly.
Region of elongation:
It is proximal to the region of meristematic activity where the cells undergo rapid elongation and enlargement. They are help the root to grow in length.
Region of maturation:
It is proximal to the region of elongation. Here the cells gradually differentiate and mature.
Root hairs:
Very fine and delicate, thread-like structures formed by some epidermal cells in the region of maturation. These root hairs aid in absorption of water and minerals from the soil
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